Difference between WCF and Web API and WCF REST and Web Service

Web Service

It is based on SOAP and return data in XML form.

It supports only HTTP protocol.

It is not open source but can be consumed by any client that understands xml.

It can be hosted only on IIS.

WCF

It is also based on SOAP and return data in XML form.

It is the evolution of the web service(ASMX) and support various protocols like TCP, HTTP, HTTPS, Named Pipes, MSMQ.

The main issue with WCF is, its tedious and extensive configuration.

It is not open source but can be consumed by any client that understands xml.

It can be hosted with in the application or on IIS or using window service.

http://www.wcftutorial.net/Home.aspx

WCF Rest

To use WCF as WCF Rest service you have to enable webHttpBindings.

It support HTTP GET and POST verbs by [WebGet] and [WebInvoke] attributes respectively.

To enable other HTTP verbs you have to do some configuration in IIS to accept request of that particular verb on .svc files

Passing data through parameters using a WebGet needs configuration. The UriTemplate must be specified

It support XML, JSON and ATOM data format.

Web API

This is the new framework for building HTTP services with easy and simple way.

Web API is open source an ideal platform for building REST-ful services over the .NET Framework.

Unlike WCF Rest service, it use the full features of HTTP (like URIs, request/response headers, caching, versioning, various content formats)

It also supports the MVC features such as routing, controllers, action results, filter, model binders, IOC container or dependency injection, unit testing that makes it more simple and robust.

It can be hosted within the application or on IIS.

It is light weight architecture and good for devices which have limited bandwidth like smart phones.

Responses are formatted by Web API’s MediaTypeFormatter into JSON, XML or whatever format you want to add as a MediaTypeFormatter.

To whom choose between WCF or WEB API

Choose WCF when you want to create a service that should support special scenarios such as one way messaging, message queues, duplex communication etc.

Choose WCF when you want to create a service that can use fast transport channels when available, such as TCP, Named Pipes, or maybe even UDP (in WCF 4.5), and you also want to support HTTP when all other transport channels are unavailable.

Choose Web API when you want to create a resource-oriented services over HTTP that can use the full features of HTTP (like URIs, request/response headers, caching, versioning, various content formats).

Choose Web API when you want to expose your service to a broad range of clients including browsers, mobiles, iphone and tablets.

RestWebService

HttpGet

HttpPost

HtttpPut

HttpDelete

code shortcut

 ClassA x = new ClassA();

ClassA x  ie x is variable of Class A

New ClassA()

This constructor does nothing except set the memory to its default values. The default constructor is public.

http://anil-businessanalyst.weebly.com/domain-knowledge.html

call method

DataTable dtCustomer= new ClsCustomerDAL().LoadCustomers();


using System;
public class Animal
{
    public Animal()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Animal called");
    }
    public virtual void method()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("common method called from animal");
    }
}
public class Bird : Animal
{
    public Bird()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Bird called");
    }
    public new void method()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("special method called from bird");
    }
    public void method1()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("BM1");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        //Animal obj = new Bird();// what is use of it?
        new Bird().method();
        //obj.method();
        Console.Read();
    }
}

public class Overload
    {
        public void Display()
        {
            int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30};
            DisplayOverload(40, numbers);
            Console.WriteLine(numbers[1]);
        }

        private void DisplayOverload(int a, params int[] parameterArray)
        {
            parameterArray[1] = 1000;
        }

    }

class Program

    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Overload overload = new Overload();
            overload.Display();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

Output

1000

invalid postback or callback argument. Event validation is enabled using in configuration or <%@ Page EnableEventValidation="true" %> in a page. For security purposes, this feature verifies that arguments to postback or callback events originate from the server control that originally rendered them. If the data is valid and expected, use the ClientScriptManager.RegisterForEventValidation method in order to register the postback or callback data for validation.

Reason: There are multiple scenario in which this error come.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbHgwm0X-is#t=6.313898

if we try to change the property of asp.net control through the Javascript after page load then above issue comes.

This error might be coming from one of the user control present on the page

(Search or header)

Or

forgot to add an ID to a dynamically created control.

Or

check design contain two nested <form></form> tag

Or

other......

Solution:

Remove two nested <form></form> tag

OR

<pages validateRequest="false" enableEventValidation="false" />

and do Toolscriptmanager partial rendering is enabled

OR

IsPostBack in page load

OR

Use update panel which attribute is changing due to javascript

OR

ScriptManager scriptManager = ScriptManager.GetCurrent(this.Page);

scriptManager.RegisterPostBackControl(buton1);

OR

Other...........

Attachments area

Preview YouTube video Invalid Postback Or Callback Argument. Event Validation Is Enabled

Base Class In asp.net

content copied .....

The class whose members are inherited is called the base class, and the class that inherits those members is called the derived class. A derived class can have only one direct base class. However, inheritance is transitive. If ClassC is derived from ClassB, and ClassB is derived from ClassA, ClassC inherits the members declared in ClassB and ClassA.

When you derive a class from a base class, the derived class will inherit all members of the base class except constructors. The Derived class re-use the code of base class based on accessibility level of those member.


Example Of Base Class :

public class Clsbase : System.Web.UI.Page
{  
    protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)
    {       
        Response.Write("From base class");
        base.OnLoad(e);
    }  
}


Example Of Derived Class :

public partial class ClsDerived : Clsbase
{ 
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("From Derived Class");    
    }
}

Layered architecture

• Help reduce complexity and improve code reusability
• It is often thought that this automatically creates a decoupled application. However, just creating layers doesn’t make your code loosely coupled.
  
• Avoid Too Many Parameters 
• Declare a class instead of too many parameters.
• Creating a class that puts all these parameters together. This is generally a better design and valuable abstraction.
• Avoid Complex Expressions
• Minimize the Number of Returns
• Use Parameterize queries instead of inline query

Entity Framework

The NuGet Gallery is the central package repository used by all package authors and consumers.

A module is a set of functions, types, classes, ... put together in a common namespace.

A library is a set of modules which makes sense to be together and that can be used in a program or another library.

A package is a unit of distribution that can contain a library or an executable or both. It's a way to share your code with the community.

Entity Framework is ORM (Object relational mapper)

Entity Framework Architecture

• Extension of EF is .edmx
• EF is directly talk with database. DAL is not required .
• EF use ObjectContext =>DbContext interfacing with database
• EF use EDM concept that describe the structure of data

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee382825(v=vs.110).aspx

• Entity type is class. it generate from table structure.
• Entity type contain property and method where property is column of table and method is operation (Select/Insert/Update/Delete) done on that table
• EF can do the operation on table with the help of LINQ or  store procedure
• Complex object is created via Model browser if we have to call store procedure
• Model browser - show the edmx file Model browser tab

EDM contain

• CSDL- conceptual schema definition language
• SSDL- storage schema definition language
• Table Mapping - conceptual mapping and storage mapping
• Schema contain multiple entity containers.
• Entity container is namespace and contain entity type
• EntityType (NavigationProperty,Scalar Property(facet),EntityKey).
• Property contain facet (other information related to that column like Not NULL, Max length)
• Validate - check CSDL or SSDL are synch or not
• Complex Property
• association - create relation between entity types

The relationship between an entity type and an entity set is analogous to the relationship between a row and a table in a relational database: Like a row, an entity type describes data structure, and, like a table, an entity set contains instances of a given structure.

Setup Entity Framework Environment:

Install EF via Nuget:

Create Entity Data Model:

Context & Entity Classes:


Model Browser

DBContext:

Types of Entity in Entity Framework:

• POCO Entity (Plain Old CLR Object):
• Dynamic Proxy (POCO Proxy):

Entity Relationships:

Entity Lifecycle:

can execute native SQL queries for a relational database

using (var ctx = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
    var studentName = ctx.Students.SqlQuery("Select studentid, studentname, standardId from Student where studentname='Bill'").FirstOrDefault<Student>();
}    

Maintain change track

Connected scenario

using (var context = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
    var studentList = context.Students.ToList<Student>();

    //Perform create operation
    context.Students.Add(new Student() { StudentName = "New Student" });

    //Perform Update operation
    Student studentToUpdate = studentList.Where(s => s.StudentName == "student1").FirstOrDefault<Student>();
    studentToUpdate.StudentName = "Edited student1";

    //Perform delete operation
    context.Students.Remove(studentList.ElementAt<Student>(0));

    //Execute Inser, Update & Delete queries in the database
    context.SaveChanges();
} 

Disconnected scenario

using (var context = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
    var studentList = context.Students.ToList<Student>();

    //Add student in list
    studentList.Add(new Student() { StudentName = "New Student" });

    //Perform update operation
    Student studentToUpdate = studentList.Where(s => s.StudentName == "Student1").FirstOrDefault<Student>();
    studentToUpdate.StudentName = "Edited student1";

    //Delete student from list
    if (studentList.Count > 0)
        studentList.Remove(studentList.ElementAt<Student>(0));

    //SaveChanges will only do update operation not add and delete
    context.SaveChanges();
}

There are two ways to go with code first approach:

1. Data annotation
2. Fluent API

Code First Approach using Data Annotation

Create one .cs file and give name person.cs and paste the below code into it. As this his data annotation approaches, don’t forget to add System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotation namespace.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    public class Person
    {
        [Key]
        public int Id{get;set;}
        [Required]
        public string name { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string surname { get; set; }
    }

    public class Address
    {
        [Key]
        public int personAdressId { get; set; }
        public string address { get; set; }

        [MaxLength(6)]
        public string pin { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("Person")]
        public int PersonId { get; set; }

        //Navigation property
        public virtual Person Person { get; set; }
    }

    public class personContext : DbContext
    {
        public personContext() : base("DBConnectionString")
        {
            //If model change, It will re-create new database.
            Database.SetInitializer<personContext>(new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<personContext>());
        }
        public DbSet<Person> person { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Address> Address { get; set; }
    }
}

we will specify connection string in web.config file in application. Here is code for mine.
<connectionStrings>
    <add name="DBConnectionString" 
        connectionString="Data Source=SOURAV-PC;Initial Catalog=personDB;Integrated Security=true" 
        providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
  </connectionStrings>

We will implement the same model to create database using fluent API. Have a look at the below modified code of person.cs file.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    public class Person
    {
        public int Id{get;set;}
        public string name { get; set; }
        public string surname { get; set; }
    }

    public class Address
    {
        public int personAdressId { get; set; }
        public string address { get; set; }
        public string pin { get; set; }
        public int PersonId { get; set; }
        public virtual Person Person { get; set; }
    }

    public class personContext : DbContext
    {
        public personContext()
            : base("DBConnectionString")
        {
            //If model change, It will re-create new database.
            Database.SetInitializer<personContext>(new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<personContext>());
        }
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            //Set primary key to Person table
            modelBuilder.Entity<Person>().HasKey(m => m.Id).Property(m => m.Id).IsRequired();
            //name fleld is required

            modelBuilder.Entity<Person>().Property(p => p.name).IsRequired();
            //surname is required
            modelBuilder.Entity<Person>().Property(p => p.surname).IsRequired();

            //set primary key to Address table
            modelBuilder.Entity<Address>().HasKey(m => m.personAdressId);

            //set max length property to 6 
            modelBuilder.Entity<Address>().Property(m => m.pin).HasMaxLength(6);

            //Set foreign key property
            modelBuilder.Entity<Address>().HasRequired(t => t.Person)
                .WithMany().HasForeignKey(t => t.PersonId);
        }
        public DbSet<Person> person { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Address> Address { get; set; }
    }
}

Software categories

Computer software

1. Application Software
2. System software
3. computer programming tool
4. Mobile software & Apps

Application software

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_categories

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_software

Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods and services.It includes the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is business management software—typically a suite of integrated applications—that a company can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities, including:

• Product planning, cost
• Manufacturing or service delivery
• Marketing and sales
• Inventory management
• Shipping and payment

Enterprise asset management (EAM) is the optimal lifecycle management of the physical assets of an organization

Customer relationship management (CRM) is an approach to managing a company’s interaction with current and future customers. It often involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize sales, marketing, customer service, and technical support.

A content management system (CMS) is a computer application that allows publishing, editing and modifying content, organizing, deleting as well as maintenance from a central interface. Such systems of content management provide procedures to manage workflow in a collaborative environment.

DotNetNuke

Umbraco

Business process management (BPM) is a field in operations management that focuses on improving corporate performance by managing and optimizing a company's business processes

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
SAP(ERP)-it is ERP system.
supplier relation management(SRM)-procurement & logistics
cloud,
SMS,payment gateway,
e-commerce,
audit of software/
BI reports-Database analysis /power BI /spotfire/ tableau/ qlikview
highcharts

mobile apps

App_Code folder does not work with Web Application Projects.

If your application is a Web Application project rather than a Web Site project, the code files should not be in the App_Code folder (stupid design).

Solution:
1)Build Action of class.cs to be changed from "Content" to "Compile".

2)Create a new folder or something and put class files in there.